本文部分内容由Michel Verhagen
编译水平有限，所以将原文对照列出，欢迎大侠拍砖
排列没有按动作难度排列，难度顺序稍后提供；大部分动作在http://www.acromania.nl/ 上有视频教学
这里内容仅供参考，不承担练习者任何责任
HELICOPTER
直升机
第一次做这个动作的时候必须在1000米以上（因为即使出现意外您可以使用全失速改出）
First time to try heli at least you should be 1000 m or more(because if any trouble u need to do stall to lead out)
进入：将两侧刹车拉到失速点并保持几秒，因为伞的速度并不会立刻降低所以需要保持几秒；等到伞的速度降低下来了以后，将一侧的刹车送上去；送上去的速度和刹车量每一顶伞都会有所不同，需要自己试验，体会具体的量。
pull the brakes until the deep stall limit and wait couple second after pull the brakes,because glider can not stop immediately need to losing the speed,thats why pull the brakes until deep stall limit and wait until ur glider became slower
after your glider speed becomes slow,(deep stall limit)release the one side brake(right or left,your choice) *speed and length of releasing brake is changing for every glider.I cant know ur glider,u should try urself
在做直升机的时候，千万不可同时将另外一侧的刹车都给送上去了，如果送上去了，你得做好进入高速水平螺旋（spin）的准备。
For Helicopter .. never never never release the other side brake always keep it in same point.if u release it,u should prepaire urself for the fastest spin..
直升机其实就是一种处于可控状态的水平螺旋（spin）－－即在非常低的速度下，失速速度下的spin;伞以自身的 立轴为轴心旋转，而飞行员处于伞的正下 方一起旋转；在动作中，伞看起来像直升机的旋翼一样转动，故得名：直升机；该动作的垂直速度非常低，大约为在1.3米/秒到2米/秒之间。
The helicopter is nothing more than a controlled flat spin (spinning the glider at stall point, very low speed). The wing rotates along the center of the glider while the pilot is straight below the glider. During the maneuver the glider acts like a helicopter. The vertical speed is very low, usually somewhere between -1.3 and -2.0
HOW TO DO
怎么做：
首先在座袋里坐直了，将腿蜷到座袋下面（减小转动惯量，避免导致主带缠绕），就在伞达到失速点的时候，将右刹车送上去，但是不要全部送上去，保持大约10％～15％的舵量，看看是否够了；如果不够再送上去一点，如果转得太快就拉下一点。
Sit up straight,and try to keep your legs stabile under the harness.Slow down the glider, just until deep stall point. than release right brake, don’t release all in ur first try keep %10-15 ,check if not enough release more if too fast pull more
作这个动作的时候需要小心，因为直升机与spin不同，这个动作中，进入之后你应该保持与伞头相同的速度旋转；如果你发现伞头比你转的快，而且伞头一边高一边低，那你得当心了，你是进入spin了。
Be CAREFUL helicopter is not like spin ,after ur glider start to turn check it,u should turn under ur glider same speed as your ur wing turning,if ur wing turning faster than u and if one side down and other side up.u r spinning,,be careful
当你真正进入直升机之后，伞头应该是保持平直的在你正顶上，只能是翼尖有可能有少许塌陷，别的地方都保持良好的充气状态；改出直升机的最好方式是全失速；或者你可以试验一下将重心移动到你松开刹车的一侧，然后拉下这一侧的刹车停止旋转。
while u r doing heli glider should be flat top of u and only ears can be collapse(nowhere else)The safest way to exit the helicopter is to full stall the glider and lead out the full stall.or u can give ur weight shift to side that u released the brake and try to pull more brake to control and stop turning
千万要注意的是，切记不能在失速点的时候将两手的刹车都给送上去了，一旦这样，伞头会迅速前冲进入高速spin，甚至于冲到你脚下，如果你运气好的话能从两个主带间传过，运气不好的话，也许会包了饺子。
NEVER NEVER NEVER release the brake that you r keeping stall limit,if u release it,prepaire urself to a fastest spin because ur glider will dive so fast to front of u or under ,even u can be packed or ur gliders riser can hit ur helmet and if u r lucky u can dive in the middle of ur two riser..
good luck thats all，
SAT土星
是 有一个特技小组Safety Acro Team (SAT) 发明，所以以其缩写作为这个动作的名称；这个动作的另外一个名称是"Satellite" （卫星）。在此动作过程中，飞行员向后转动，而伞头向前转动，旋转中心位于人与伞头之间（故名卫星）。土星有很多变化：比如普通土星，单手土星，非对称土 星，节奏土星，筋斗土星，母牛土星（母牛？？）
the SAT was invented by the Safety Acro Team (SAT),other names are the "Satellite" . During the maneuver the pilot turns negative (backwards) and the glider turns positive (forwards). The center of rotation is in the middle of the pilot and the glider. The SAT has a lot of variations: normal SAT, 1-handed SAT, asymmetric SAT, rhythmic SAT, tumbling, Cow SAT
进入：
以右进入为例：如同进入右螺旋一样，带右刹车，重心右 移，就在伞要进入螺旋的时候（就是突然进入螺旋锁定状态）而未进的一刻，将重心极大的压向右边(左手 推左主带，尽量将重量全部压到右边），同时右手刹车猛的拉下。（levnet：我通常是将右手刹车在手上缠一圈半，免得往后拉的太远）
Enter a spiral dive making a right turn. Just before the glider accelerates into a spiral dive, weight shift extremely to the right (push yourself to the right by grabbing and pushing out the left riser with your left hand) and brake the right real hard (I take 1.5 wraps, so Don't need to pull the brake back that far).
进入之后，伞头垂直于地平线，左手可以不必再推着主带了；
Now the glider changes position: the gliders position is vertical with respect to the horizon. When u enter in SAT you don't need to push the left riser anymore,
Exit:
改出：
将重心移到中间，同时将右手刹车送回，然后将重心向左压一点防止进入螺旋，大约一圈之后即可改出。为了防止低的一侧的翼尖塌陷，左手在改出的时候可以带一点刹车；土星整个动作过程中的刹车动作量需要快速。
Center yourself and let go of the right brake at the same time. Now lean a little bit to the left to prevent the glider entering into a spiral dive and bleed out the turn (by turning 360 degrees more). To prevent a small collapse on the lower wing tip, left brake a little bit during lead out. All brake inputs should be short but strong impulses.
In SAT, two dangers exist during entering:
进入土星的过程中有两个潜在危险
- Lead in too soon
1、拉大刹车的时机过早
此时伞还没有足够的速度进入，但你拉了很大的刹车企图进入，伞可能会进入水平螺旋（spin）而不是土星；因此在练习土星之间，最好练习spin的进入和改出。
The glider doesn't have enough speed to enter SAT yet, but you are braking right pretty hard to get into SAT. The glider will spin instead of entering SAT. First learn how to lead out spins before trying this maneuver.
Lead in too late
2.拉大刹车的时机过晚
此时伞的速度很快以至于不能进入土星，反而进入速度极高的螺旋俯冲，因此作土星之前最好先练习如何从高速螺旋中改出。
The glider has too much speed to enter SAT, and will enter a very fast nose down spiral instead because you are pulling the right break real hard. First learn how to lead out nose down spirals before trying this maneuver.
高速俯冲的螺旋有时候是很难改出的，如果反向移动重心和带刹车都没有用处的话，你首先应该做的是双手同时带刹车，先降低伞的垂直速度。
The glider might enter a nose down spiral when you keep weight shifting to the right when you lead out the SAT. So don't do that. Please be aware that a nose down spiral is a very strong and stable spiral. This spiral wont come out if the pilot isnt doing anything to get it out!**sometimes even pilot can not do anything,
if something happend like this,u should use ur right and left brake to slower your vertical speed and soften ur attack angle..u should pull brakes like pumping..
综合上面这些存在的危险可以看出把握时机是非常重要的，也许你第一次进入不会很顺利，但是一旦你成功的做过之后，你会发现第二次就容易多了。
As you can see from the above dangers, timing is very important when entering SAT. You might not succeed the first time you try the SAT, but once you've done it successfully, it's easy the next time.
再经过大量的练习之后，甚至可以说土星是最容易和最安全的特技动作，你可以在很低的高上做这个动作，因为这个动作的垂直下降速率比螺旋小多了；但是在练习阶段需要非常小心，在学习特技之前，最好先进行中级科目（SIV，特别是全失速和正负螺旋）的练习。
SAT is the easiest and safest acro manouver,after practise,you can do it even lower altitudes,because sat (vertical) sink is less than spiral dive,but practise period should be so careful,and please before study acro,do ur siv and be professional first,especially stall,spin(+ & -) and spiral than begin to acro
Ground Spiral
接地螺旋
Description
定义
The ground spiral (also called death spiral) is a normal spiral that you lead out just before hitting the ground really hard. If you control normal spirals very good, then this maneuver isn't really difficult. You just need iron balls, and you can NOT make a single mistake.
接地螺旋（同时又称为死亡螺旋）其实就是普通螺旋在改出的时候翼尖接触地面;如果你的螺旋做得非常好，这个动作不是很难，你只是需要胆大心细，不犯错误。
Lead in
进入
I strongly advise you not to do this trick at all. If you do it, do it over water. This trick is also called DEATH spiral: FOR A REASON!!!
首先：不建议做这个动作；其次如果你要做，那就在水面上作。在50米的高度上进入螺旋，螺旋速度不要太快，只需要你自己的水平位置比内侧翼尖稍高，然后接近地面。
Start spiralling at around 50 meters above the ground. Don't spiral too fast, just enough to get you a little bit higher than the inner wingtip. Now spiral down to the ground.
Lead out
改出
When you're about to hit the ground in 3 seconds, lead out the spiral in one or two 360 degree turns. You will now hover over the ground, and the glider will finally climb so you can land safely.
在翼尖快要接触地面的时候（即翼尖接触地面之前3秒），一个或者两个360改出，伞爬升一点，正好改出，着陆。
Danger!
注意
DEATH! If you forget to lead out, or you spiral too fast, you will most certainly die with incredible pain, even if doing this over water!
Remember in paragliding: height = safety. Ground = death. It's as simple as that/death.
死亡！如果你忘记改出，或者螺旋的速度太快，即使你在水面上作动作。记住：在滑翔伞运动当中，高度＝安全，地面＝死亡，就是这么简单。
Full Stall
全失速
Description
描述
I call this maneuver CTRL-ALT-DEL or reset. There are two buttons at the bottom of your harness, and you have to push them simultaneously to reset your glider. Whenever your glider is cravatted, and you can't get it out by picking some lines or collapsing half the wing, you use a full stall to solve the problem (but of course only if you have enough height). Sometimes a glider keeps flying great with a cravat, so if you can land it there's no need to full stall.
可以把这个动作类比为CTRL-ALT-DEL即是 热启动；这里有两个“摁钮”在吊袋下面，你必须（拉着刹车）两手同时摁着你就可以将你的伞“重起”了； 任何时候你进入卷夹（cravatte），只要你有高度，你就可以使用全失速改出；当然，有时候卷夹并不是特别影响你的飞行，你也没有必要一定使用全失速 改出，去着陆即可；
Lead in
进入
First, make sure you are sitting straight up in your harness. Put your legs under your harness and try to keep them there during the maneuver. Ready? Pull down both brakes evenly. Either pull down both brakes fast until your arms are stretched and locked under your harness,
首先，确定你在吊袋中坐直了，将你的腿收在吊袋下面，并且在整个动作过程中，保持在那个位置；然后双手将两侧刹车同步拉下，保持手臂伸直（锁定你的肘关节），把手锁在吊袋下面；
-or-
pull down the brakes to near stall point (slow down your glider) and then pull down the brakes until your arms are stretched. Now the glider collapses and starts to look like your grandmothers underwear. Don't panic; be sure to keep your arms locked and brakes down at all time. Once in full stall, keep it in full stall! Yeehaaa!
在进入之后，伞会后倒，蜷缩成一团，一定需要注意的是将手锁定在吊袋下面，不要慌张。
Lead out
改出
In full stall, look at your glider. When you are not swinging anymore, and the glider is a little bit in front of you, release the brakes up to 30% brake. Control the glider, and release brakes entirely. Now control the surge (but don't brake too much, let it fly, it needs to pick up speed, just don't let it dive too far, 45 degrees is okay!).
It's best to keep the full stall in a couple of seconds until you are not swinging anymore, but there's also a faster way: Most gliders are in front of you for a small period of time when you just entered a full stall. If you immediately follow the lead out procedure during this small period, you can lead out a full stall within split seconds after leading it in. The big advantage is of course less height loss in this maneuver.
进入之后，看着你的伞头：当你的伞头不再前后摆荡之后且伞头正好在你前面一点的时候，松开30％的刹车，控制住伞，再全部送上去，再控制伞的俯仰振荡（但是刹车量不要太大，允许伞有一点俯冲，只要不是太厉害的俯冲就可以）
最佳的方式就是保持全失速几秒钟，直到俯仰摆荡消失之后改出；当然，也有一种比较快的的改出方式：大多数的伞在进入全失速之后，伞头会在你的前面，此时，你只需要马上松开一点刹车就可改出；这种方法的特点是高度损失比较小
Danger!
注意：
When entering a full stall, you will swing forward because of your momentum. The glider brakes faster then you can, so at the beginning of the full stall maneuver, the glider will be behind you. NEVER EVER RELEASE THE BRAKES WHEN THE GLIDER IS BEHIND YOU! Imagine what will happen then: you release the brakes, the glider starts to fly again and wants to pick up speed. The glider surges forward and at the mean time, you swing back under the glider. Because the glider is already surging and you now have backwards momentum, the glider will be somewhere below you, and you will swing backwards over the glider. At some point there will be a balance in surging and swinging energy and you will fall down, maybe even IN your glider. They call this a gift-wrap, but I'll assure you, it's not a nice present to send home to your mother.
进入全失 速后，由于惯性你会抡到伞的前面，毕竟伞停止的比你快，所以在刚进入失速的时候，伞会在你的后面，所以千万，千万，千万不要在伞头在你后面的时候 松开刹车！如果这个时候松开了刹车，你可以想象一下，伞头会猛烈前冲，加上开始的摆动的惯性，你摆起来的势能，伞头甚至会冲到你脚地下，被包了饺子；也有 人称之为“礼品包”，不过俺可以保证，这肯定不是一个好礼品包回家给母亲的。
Sometimes, it can be pretty difficult to keep your arms locked down, and it might happen that one hand comes up. When this happens, immediately pull down that hand again. If you don 't get that hand down fast enough, the glider probably spinned real fast and now you are twisted a couple of times. Lead out the full stall as fast as you can, and see if the glider starts flying. If it's going into a spiral, immediately throw your reserve! If it's flying straight, "cycle" out the twist by moving your legs or grabbing the risers above the twist and pushing them out. If it doesn't fly at all, or spins real fast, you are probably twisted more than two times, and the brakes are stuck so you keep full stalling. So now what? Throw your reserve!!!
有些时候，很难将自己的手锁定在吊袋下面，可能是一只手被拽上 去了，如果是这样，赶紧拉下来；如果没有很快的拉下来,伞很可能进入高速水平螺旋，而且进入 主带缠绕；此时尽快改出全失速，看看伞是否恢复了飞行，如果进入了高速螺旋，赶紧抛备份伞；如果恢复了正常飞行，抓住主带，消除主带的缠绕；如果水平螺旋 （spin）太快活或者主带缠绕超过两圈，ok，备份伞！
HORSESHOE
前马蹄
动 作表现是当你做这个动作的时候，伞的形状看起来象倒置的马掌，或者说U；动作要领是，向上找出你左右A组最里面的伞绳，松开刹车，伸手尽量向上抓住这两 根A组最内侧的伞绳，然后均匀柔和的拉下，直到两侧翼尖向前碰到一起；在此过程中，伞中间的几个气室会塌陷，翼两侧向前，成U型
Glider looks like a horseshoe or U when u r doing this.. look ur inner A line(in right and left side) and let it go ur brakes,grab inner A lines from high as possible than pull ..pull down smoothly until wingtips come together..when u start to pull.. some middle cells will collapse and wing will move forward than come together.
改出：只需松掉手中A组伞绳，一般情况下伞会自动恢复；如果没有，可以双手柔和的带一下刹车
Exit:just release the lines…..after you released the lines,if ur wing not recover itself,pull both brakes smoothly at the same time(as pomp)
注意事项：进入的时候，拉下A组最内侧伞绳的时候，不要太快太多，否则可能导致两侧的伞衣绞缠在一起
Don’t pull A line so fast,if u pull a lot and fast,wing tips can be entangled to eachother..
BACKWARDS FLIGHT
后退飞行
这个动作中，滑翔伞会向后倒退飞行一小段时间
进入：在正常飞行过程中，找到伞的时速点，需要注意的是后退飞行中刹车使用的位置是介于失速点和深失速点之间的一个位置，将刹车拉到此位置，保持，然后再拉下5～10厘米，再迅速的送回到刚才那个位置，此时，伞开始倒退飞行。
During this maneuver the glider to be flying backwards for a small period of time.
ENTER: From normal flight, search for stall point(be a very sensitive, that point is just in the middle of stall and deep stall point….pull the brakes until that point keep stabile,then pull little brake(5-10cm) than release until that point again(quickly).. . Now the glider will fly backwards.
EXIT
改出：
只需将刹车松上去，注意控制俯仰振荡即可，（类似从从全失速中改出）
Just release the brakes and control the surge(same as deep stall,stall exit).
Asymmetric Spiral
非对称螺旋（扁螺旋）
非 对称螺旋就是摆荡的时候只是在一侧摆荡的动作，即不是轮流左右转动，只是转向一侧。 The asymmetric spiral is a spiral on its side. It's actually the same as a wing-over to one side. So instead of switching left and right turns, you only do turns to one side.
ENTER
进入
做非对称螺旋的最简单方式是由摆荡进入，以右侧非对称螺旋为例：在右转改出之后，正要向左移动重心， 拉左刹车的时候，你再次向右转。你向一侧移动重心和拉 刹车的时机为人摆荡到伞的正下方的时候，此时你会摆入一个非常快的转弯，在转过180度之后，送回刹车，并且重心回中，让伞直线下冲，下冲到最低点的时 候，再次重心右压，带右刹车，如此重复即可。The easiest way to enter an asymmetric spiral is by doing wing-overs. just as you would turn the wing-over to the left (when coming out the right-turned wing-over), you turn again to the right. The moment you weight shift is just before you are at the lowest point (straight under your glider), and you add brake (la lot) at the moment you are straight under your glider. You will now swing up making a very fast turn. Keep the glider turning for 180 degrees, then release brakes and weight shift to the left to get a straight dive. Just before the lowest point weight shift to the right. At the lowest point add full brake to the right and repeating this sequence.
EXIT:Bleed out in a couple of 360 degree turns. (YOU NEED ALTITUDE !!)
改出：由一系列360改出（需要高度）
所有的动作中，把握时机非常重要。
As ALL MANEUVERAS ALSO FOR THIS TIMING IS MOST IMPORTANT!!
Loop
筋斗
When you do a loop you swing over the length of the glider (roll over).its kind of wingover,just the fast and huge one.
筋斗是巨大的摆荡中，飞行员从伞上翻越过去了的一种动作。其实就是一种很大的摆荡
While u r doing wingovers if u can increase the energy gradually you can do loop. You need huge amounts of weight shift to get into loops. It's not a matter of moving your leg over the other; it's a matter of trying to roll out of your harness and sitting entirely on one side of your ass. Another way of leading in an inversion or a chain of inversions is by simply reversing the direction of the asymmetric spiral.When the asymmetric spiral feels right, is really high and you are feeling confident, just pretend you were doing wing-overs and reverse the turn direction.
当你在做摆荡的时候，如果你能够不断地增加摆荡的能量你就可以进入筋斗。你需要很大的重心移动，这不是将一条腿放到另一条腿上的问题，而是尽全力将重量移动到吊带的一侧，感觉所有的重量都压在臀部的一侧。另一种进入方法就是在非对称螺旋中改变方向而实现筋斗。
EXIT:
改出
As long as you have enough energy, you can keep reversing the turn direction and do loops. . When the energy to do an other loop is gone, bleed out the remaining energy by doing a couple of 360 degree turns.
只要你具有足够的能量，你就可以变向，和作筋斗；当动能不足的时候，进入一连串的螺旋改出。
**BEFORE trying this u should be good at spin and stall,in your first try,if u pull lot brake without good weight shifting,you can enter the spin or can be packed…especially for looping,,you can use HOOK KNIFE that,if u pack,its only kind of knife that can helps u..
注意事项：在练习此动作的时候你一定需要熟练掌握水平螺旋和失速，在开始练习的时候如果你刹车拉了很多，而重心移动不到位，可能会进入spin，或者被伞包住….尤其在做筋斗的时候，你最好准备一把伞刀…
Dynamic Full Stall
动态全失速
A dynamic full stall is performing a full stall when the glider is behind the pilot.
动态全失速是指当伞头在飞行员背后的时候进入全失速
ENTER
进入
首 先进入螺旋，在螺旋改出的时候，不降低螺旋的能量（即比较猛，比较快的改出）；此时伞会剧烈的爬高，（攻角增大），伞头落在你的后面，需要注意的是一定保 证伞的爬升是绝对对称的，（伞的滚转角为零，bank angle＝0）就在伞即将达到最高点的时候，将刹车拉到底，进入全失速；保持失速一直到你摆荡到伞的下面。
Enter a spiral dive. Exit the spiral dive without bleeding the energy out in a couple of 360 degree turns. The glider will now climb extremely, and the glider is behind the pilot. Be sure to stabilize the glider so the climb is absolutely symmetric. Just before reaching the highest point, full stall the glider. Keep it in full stall until you swing back under the glider.
EXIT
改出
由于惯性的原因，你会在伞下前后摆荡，所以你可以在伞头晃到你的前面的时候松开刹车，改出失速；当然你也可以一直保持失速直到前后摆荡消失；不过需要注意的是，动态全失速需要很多的时间（即高度），所以在练习此动作之前，需要练习好全失速。
Because of your momentum, you will swing under and then behind the glider, so the glider will be in front of you. Release the full stall at the moment you are furthest behind the glider. Of course, you can also keep the full stall in until the pendulum is gone, but with a dynamic full stall that will take a lot of time and you should be good at stall..
Difficult point is
难点
这个动作是非常难做的，因为伞在你的后方，在你向后跌落的过程中难于将拉刹车的手锁定在全刹车的位置上；而且当你掉到伞下的冲击也是很大的。在改出此动作的过程中，你可能会遇到强烈的对称前失速或者非对称振荡。
Its more difficult than stall because..you r stalling the wing while it was ur back... It will be a lot harder to keep your arms locked because you r falling down, and you will have to absorb the shock of your body weight on the glider. Also a strong symmetric front stall or asymmetric forward surge is likely when leading out the dynamic full stall.
ASYMETRIC SAT
非对称土星
非对称土星是土星发生在伞的一侧，飞行员在伞的一侧旋转飞越伞头；这个动作的另一个名字是动能土星
The asymmetric SAT is a SAT on its side. The pilot turns sideways over the glider. Another name for asymmetric SAT is dynamic SAT.
ENTER:
进入
Enter asymmetric spiral than when the time comes enter SAT at the same moment you would turn again to make another asymmetric spiral turn.
进入非对称螺旋然在进入后进入另下一次旋转的时候进入土星，
EXIT:
改出
Same as SAT..if u r trying first prepaire urself for big cravatte..
改出与土星相同，但是当你第一次作这个动作的时候做好进入大卷夹的准备。
Twister
麻花？
类似直升机，只是在做直升机的过程中，改变一次或数次旋转方向
Same as helicopter, twister is while u r doing helicopter changing the direction of rotation..
ENTER
在做直升机的过程中，将高速旋转的一侧的刹车也拉下接近至失速点。当旋转停止的时候，从另一个方向进入直升机。
While helicoptering, pull both brakes to stall point (you will probably only brake the positive turning side, as the
negative turning side brake is already at stall point position). The rotation now stops and the glider parachutes down. Now lead-in a helicopter again, exchanging left and right.
EXIT: SAME AS HELICOPTER
改出：同直升机
Coconut Spin
Coco果
该动作为从土星进入
Coconut spin is doing spin while leading out the sat..
ENTER
进入：
以 右侧进入为例：先进入土星，在稳定的土星状态下将右刹车拉下更多，（动作量越大越猛烈，可可豆spin就越猛烈），保持右手刹车量进入稳定状态。Pull right brake and Enter sat first,while u r doing stabile sat,pull more right brake(pull more right brake (the faster and deeper you do this, the more violent the Coconut Spin). Now the glider will spin. Keep the right brake down.
改出
EXIT:
同动能全失速，或者进入直升机改出
SAME AS dynamic full stall.. or try to enter and keep ur wing to helicopter,then exit ..
Mac Twist
(麦克扭)
The Mac Twist is one of the most violent looking maneuvers at this moment. A Mc Twist is actually a very fast spin of the glider, but on its side.
Mac Twist是现在特技动作中看起来最猛的一个动作，
ENTER:
进入
Enter a right turning spiral dive. Lead it out without bleeding out the energy. The glider will climb extremely, and the glider will be far behind you. Just after the glider starts to climb, grab the left riser, make yourself as small as possible, be ready to turn with your glider and pull right brake full down. The glider will now spin while it's behind you.
先进入一个右转螺旋俯冲，改出的时候不要减弱动能（即改出比较猛），此刻伞会迅速爬高，伞头落在你的后面，就在伞开始爬升的一瞬间，抓住左主带，尽量将自己蜷缩起来（减小转动惯量），然后将右刹车拉到底，此刻伞在你后方开始进入spin。
Exit is Like dynamic full stall,,but it s more dangereous..always exits mostly with big cravatte or reserve..
改出：
改出于动能全失速相同，但是更加危险，常常伴随着大的卷夹（ cravatte）或者？？？？
Misty Flip
这是Mac Twist的一种，但是改出的时候不进入全失速
It’s a kind off Mc twist without fullstall exit
ENTER:
进入向同Mc Twist
Same as Mc Twist.
EXIT
改出
在 伞前缘指向下的时候，松开右刹车。此时伞开始俯冲，恢复正常的飞行。如果伞的前缘指向天空的时候，你松开了沙查，这时候你的麻烦大了，伞会非常厉害的前 冲，无论是伞是倾斜的还是正正的向前冲，后果可能是包饺子了，或者是卷夹，卷夹螺旋；所以记住：决不要在伞头处于你后面的时候松开刹车！
Release the right brake when the leading edge of the glider is pointing down. The glider will start flying again, and will start to dive. You will follow the dive as you swing back under the glider. If you release the brakes when the leading edge is pointing up, glider can be attack so fast and u can get into trouble.."NEVER RELEASE THE BRAKES WHEN THE GLIDER IS BEHIND YOU! When the leading edge is pointing to either side, or not entirely straight down, you're also in trouble. The glider will easily develop cravattes, and enter cravatted spirals
Rhythmic SAT (tumbling)
节奏土星（后筋斗）
Rhytmic SAT is kind of SAT that changing the direction to tumbling...
节奏土星是土星的一种变化，在土星动作中，改变旋转方向进入向后筋斗
ENTER
进入
Enter SAT. Once you're in SAT, let go of the upper brake a bit (start leading the SAT out, but not entirely) and pull brake in again. Repeat this in a rhythmic manner and the amplitude of the change will get bigger and bigger. If you continue to do this, the SAT will transfer into tumbling. Sometimes it works, sometimes not.
先进入土星，一旦进入之后，将外侧的刹车送上去一点(开始改出，但并不完全改出)，然后再次拉刹车进入，有节奏的重复这种进入，改出，再进入，再改出的动作，将振荡的幅度逐渐加大，逐渐土星就变成向后筋斗了
EXIT: SAME AS SAT
改出：同土星
Tumbling
后筋斗
后 筋斗是一个非常高速刺激的动作，在此动作正下方中飞行员在伞的向后翻筋斗。tumbling is a very dynamic maneuver where the pilot is looping backwards over the center of the glider.
Enter:
进入
方法一：开始的时候做大的摆荡逐渐进入；或者进入土星的时候，作一个巨大的摆荡，或者筋斗。
Start making big wing-overs, progress to loops. Enter SAT(same direction as you would make the wing-over) at the moment you would make another big wing-over OR LOOP
-or-
Enter asymmetric spiral turning to the left. If you have enough energy to loop, enter SAT to the right at the moment you would do the loop. Using the asymmetric spiral as lead in to tumbling results in very powerful tumblings (the pilot is passing the glider vertically after first turn over the canopy).
方法二：：先进入左侧的非对称螺旋，当你具有足够的能量进入筋斗的时候，向右侧进入土星此时即进入后筋斗；使用非对上方称螺旋进入的后筋斗非常有力，飞行员可以垂直的从伞的上方翻越
改出：
Usually the energy is drained after one tumble over the glider. Depending on the situation, you might choose for full stall exit or some other way suitable at that moment.
通常在一个后筋斗之后动能会消失不少， 根据实际情况，你可以使用全失速改出，或者其他合适的方式改出。
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